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Given three mutually tangent circles, there exist exactly two nonintersecting circles which are tangent circles to all three original circles. These are called the inner and ...

A Lie algebra g is solvable when its Lie algebra commutator series, or derived series, g^k vanishes for some k. Any nilpotent Lie algebra is solvable. The basic example is ...

The special orthogonal group SO_n(q) is the subgroup of the elements of general orthogonal group GO_n(q) with determinant 1. SO_3 (often written SO(3)) is the rotation group ...

Take the Helmholtz differential equation del ^2F+k^2F=0 (1) in spherical coordinates. This is just Laplace's equation in spherical coordinates with an additional term, (2) ...

X is a spherical t-design in E iff it is possible to exactly determine the average value on E of any polynomial f of degree at most t by sampling f at the points of X. In ...

The square gyrobicupola is a convex equilateral solid that is Johnson solid J_(29). The unit square gyrobicupola has volume V=2+4/3sqrt(2) (1) and Dehn invariant D = 24<3>_2 ...

A string of length n on an alphabet l of m characters is an arrangement of n not necessarily distinct symbols from l. There are m^n such distinct strings. For example, the ...

Let U(P,Q) and V(P,Q) be Lucas sequences generated by P and Q, and define D=P^2-4Q. (1) Let n be an odd composite number with (n,D)=1, and n-(D/n)=2^sd with d odd and s>=0, ...

Let V be a real vector space (e.g., the real continuous functions C(I) on a closed interval I, two-dimensional Euclidean space R^2, the twice differentiable real functions ...

Any square matrix A can be written as a sum A=A_S+A_A, (1) where A_S=1/2(A+A^(T)) (2) is a symmetric matrix known as the symmetric part of A and A_A=1/2(A-A^(T)) (3) is an ...