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A link invariant is a function from the set of all links to any other set such that the function does not change as the link is changed (up to isotopy). In other words, a ...

A local extremum, also called a relative extremum, is a local minimum or local maximum.

A branch point whose neighborhood of values wrap around an infinite number of times as their complex arguments are varied. The point z=0 under the function lnz is therefore a ...

The two integrals involving Bessel functions of the first kind given by (alpha^2-beta^2)intxJ_n(alphax)J_n(betax)dx ...

One of the Eilenberg-Steenrod axioms. It states that, for every pair (X,A), there is a natural long exact sequence ...->H_n(A)->H_n(X)->H_n(X,A)->H_(n-1)(A)->..., where the ...

The integral transform (Kf)(x)=int_0^infty((x-t)_+^(c-1))/(Gamma(c))_2F_1(a,b;c;1-t/x)f(t)dt, where Gamma(x) is the gamma function, _2F_1(a,b;c;z) is a hypergeometric ...

For an arbitrary not identically constant polynomial, the zeros of its derivatives lie in the smallest convex polygon containing the zeros of the original polynomial.

The parameter r in the exponential equation of population growth N(t)=N_0e^(rt), where N_0 is the initial population size (at t=0) and t is the elapsed time.

The matrix direct sum of n matrices constructs a block diagonal matrix from a set of square matrices, i.e., direct sum _(i=1)^nA_i = diag(A_1,A_2,...,A_n) (1) = [A_1 ; A_2 ; ...

A maximal sum-free set is a set {a_1,a_2,...,a_n} of distinct natural numbers such that a maximum l of them satisfy a_(i_j)+a_(i_k)!=a_m, for 1<=j<k<=l, 1<=m<=n.