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The Pratt certificate is a primality certificate based on Fermat's little theorem converse. Prior to the work of Pratt (1975), the Lucas-Lehmer test had been regarded purely ...

Let the divisor function d(n) be the number of divisors of n (including n itself). For a prime p, d(p)=2. In general, sum_(k=1)^nd(k)=nlnn+(2gamma-1)n+O(n^theta), where gamma ...

The Epstein zeta function for a n×n matrix S of a positive definite real quadratic form and rho a complex variable with R[rho]>n/2 (where R[z] denotes the real part) is ...

The sporadic groups are the 26 finite simple groups that do not fit into any of the four infinite families of finite simple groups (i.e., the cyclic groups of prime order, ...

Lovász (1970) conjectured that every connected vertex-transitive graph is traceable (Gould, p. 33). This conjecture was subsequently verified for several special orders and ...

A random matrix is a matrix of given type and size whose entries consist of random numbers from some specified distribution. Random matrix theory is cited as one of the ...

Thurston's conjecture proposed a complete characterization of geometric structures on three-dimensional manifolds. Before stating Thurston's geometrization conjecture in ...

There are many unsolved problems in mathematics. Some prominent outstanding unsolved problems (as well as some which are not necessarily so well known) include 1. The ...

The Dedekind psi-function is defined by the divisor product psi(n)=nproduct_(p|n)(1+1/p), (1) where the product is over the distinct prime factors of n, with the special case ...

The residue classes of a function f(x) mod n are all possible values of the residue f(x) (mod n). For example, the residue classes of x^2 (mod 6) are {0,1,3,4}, since 0^2=0 ...