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Let P be a matrix of eigenvectors of a given square matrix A and D be a diagonal matrix with the corresponding eigenvalues on the diagonal. Then, as long as P is a square ...

For a general two-player zero-sum game, max_(i<=m)min_(j<=n)a_(ij)<=min_(j<=n)max_(i<=m)a_(ij). If the two are equal, then write ...

The word "median" has several different meanings in mathematics all related to the "middle" of mathematical objects. The statistical median is an order statistic that gives ...

A merit function, also known as a figure-of-merit function, is a function that measures the agreement between data and the fitting model for a particular choice of the ...

In many computer languages (such as FORTRAN or the Wolfram Language), the common residue of b (mod m) is written mod(b, m) (FORTRAN) or Mod[b, m] (Wolfram Language). The ...

A multivalued function, also known as a multiple-valued function (Knopp 1996, part 1 p. 103), is a "function" that assumes two or more distinct values in its range for at ...

The probability Q_delta that a random sample from an infinite normally distributed universe will have a mean m within a distance |delta| of the mean mu of the universe is ...

A single-valued function is function that, for each point in the domain, has a unique value in the range. It is therefore one-to-one or many-to-one. A single-valued complex ...

A singular integral is an integral whose integrand reaches an infinite value at one or more points in the domain of integration. Even so, such integrals can converge, in ...

Let A be an n×n matrix with complex or real elements with eigenvalues lambda_1, ..., lambda_n. Then the spectral radius rho(A) of A is rho(A)=max_(1<=i<=n)|lambda_i|, i.e., ...