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The Game of Logic, described by Lewis Carroll--author of Alice in Wonderland--in 1887 (Carroll 1972) consists of discussing the meaning of propositions like "Some fresh cakes ...

A logical structure which does not assume the law of the excluded middle. Three truth values are possible: true, false, or undecided. There are 3072 such logics.

A term in logic meaning pertaining to truth and falsehood.

One of the logic operators AND ^ , OR v , and NOT ¬.

An interpretation of first-order logic consists of a non-empty domain D and mappings for function and predicate symbols. Every n-place function symbol is mapped to a function ...

Consider a clause (disjunction of literals) obtained from those of a first-order logic formula Phi in Skolemized form forall x_1... forall x_nS. Then an atomic statement ...

Consider a first-order logic formula Phi in Skolemized form forall x_1... forall x_nS. Then the Herbrand universe H of S is defined by the following rules. 1. All constants ...

In logic, the term "homomorphism" is used in a manner similar to but a bit different from its usage in abstract algebra. The usage in logic is a special case of a "morphism" ...

In nonstandard analysis, the transfer principle is the technical form of the following intuitive idea: "Anything provable about a given superstructure V by passing to a ...

Let L be a language of the first-order logic. Assume that the language L has the following sets of nonlogical symbols: 1. C is the set of constant symbols of L. (These are ...