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An algorithm for finding the nearest local minimum of a function which presupposes that the gradient of the function can be computed. The method of steepest descent, also ...

The convexity coefficient chi(D) of a region D is the probability that the line segment connecting two random points in D is contained entirely within D. For a convex region, ...

A set S is discrete in a larger topological space X if every point x in S has a neighborhood U such that S intersection U={x}. The points of S are then said to be isolated ...

In continuum percolation theory, the so-called germ-grain model is an obvious generalization of both the Boolean and Boolean-Poisson models which is driven by an arbitrary ...

Informally, an elliptic curve is a type of cubic curve whose solutions are confined to a region of space that is topologically equivalent to a torus. The Weierstrass elliptic ...

The following table gives the centers of the second Yff circles triangle in terms of the centers of the reference triangle for Kimberling centers X_n with n<=100. X_n center ...

A principal bundle is a special case of a fiber bundle where the fiber is a group G. More specifically, G is usually a Lie group. A principal bundle is a total space E along ...

The Bevan circle, sometimes also called the excentral circle, is the circumcircle of the excentral triangle of the reference triangle, i.e., it is the circle passing through ...

A bundle map is a map between bundles along with a compatible map between the base manifolds. Suppose p:X->M and q:Y->N are two bundles, then F:X->Y is a bundle map if there ...

Let z=x+iy and f(z)=u(x,y)+iv(x,y) on some region G containing the point z_0. If f(z) satisfies the Cauchy-Riemann equations and has continuous first partial derivatives in ...