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A theorem, also known as Bachet's conjecture, which Bachet inferred from a lack of a necessary condition being stated by Diophantus. It states that every positive integer can ...

Let n be an integer variable which tends to infinity and let x be a continuous variable tending to some limit. Also, let phi(n) or phi(x) be a positive function and f(n) or ...

Lehmer (1938) showed that every positive irrational number x has a unique infinite continued cotangent representation of the form x=cot[sum_(k=0)^infty(-1)^kcot^(-1)b_k], (1) ...

Given a unit line segment [0,1], pick two points at random on it. Call the first point x_1 and the second point x_2. Find the distribution of distances d between points. The ...

Li's criterion states that the Riemann hypothesis is equivalent to the statement that, for lambda_n=1/((n-1)!)(d^n)/(ds^n)[s^(n-1)lnxi(s)]|_(s=1), (1) where xi(s) is the ...

For a real number x in (0,1), let m be the number of terms in the convergent to a regular continued fraction that are required to represent n decimal places of x. Then Lochs' ...

The Lotka-Volterra equations describe an ecological predator-prey (or parasite-host) model which assumes that, for a set of fixed positive constants A (the growth rate of ...

A Lyapunov function is a scalar function V(y) defined on a region D that is continuous, positive definite, V(y)>0 for all y!=0), and has continuous first-order partial ...

A McNugget number is a positive integer that can be obtained by adding together orders of McDonald's® Chicken McNuggetsTM (prior to consuming any), which originally came in ...

A type of integral containing gamma functions in its integrand. A typical such integral is given by ...