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The set of sums sum_(x)a_xx ranging over a multiplicative group and a_i are elements of a field with all but a finite number of a_i=0. Group rings are graded algebras.

Let A=a_(ik) be an arbitrary n×n nonsingular matrix with real elements and determinant |A|, then |A|^2<=product_(i=1)^n(sum_(k=1)^na_(ik)^2).

Let |A| be an n×n determinant with complex (or real) elements a_(ij), then |A|!=0 if |a_(ii)|>sum_(j=1; j!=i)^n|a_(ij)|.

The Hilbert-Schmidt norm of a matrix A is a matrix norm defined by ||A||_(HS)=sqrt(sum_(i,j)a_(ij)^2).

Lagrange's identity is the algebraic identity (sum_(k=1)^na_kb_k)^2=(sum_(k=1)^na_k^2)(sum_(k=1)^nb_k^2)-sum_(1<=k<j<=n)(a_kb_j-a_jb_k)^2 (1) (Mitrinović 1970, p. 41; Marsden ...

To fit a functional form y=Ae^(Bx), (1) take the logarithm of both sides lny=lnA+Bx. (2) The best-fit values are then a = ...

If K is a finite complex and h:|K|->|K| is a continuous map, then Lambda(h)=sum(-1)^pTr(h_*,H_p(K)/T_p(K)) is the Lefschetz number of the map h.

Let S be partitioned into r×s disjoint sets E_i and F_j where the general subset is denoted E_i intersection F_j. Then the marginal probability of E_i is ...

The statistical index P_(ME)=(sump_n(q_0+q_n))/(sum(v_0+v_n)), where p_n is the price per unit in period n, q_n is the quantity produced in period n, and v_n=p_nq_n is the ...

mu_i(epsilon), sometimes denoted P_i(epsilon), is the probability that element i is populated, normalized such that sum_(i=1)^Nmu_i(epsilon)=1.