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A Pascal's triangle written in a square grid and padded with zeros, as written by Jakob Bernoulli (Smith 1984). The figurate number triangle therefore has entries a_(ij)=(i; ...

A figurate number of the form, CCub_n=n^3+(n-1)^3=(2n-1)(n^2-n+1). The first few are 1, 9, 35, 91, 189, 341, ... (OEIS A005898). The generating function for the centered cube ...

A multiplicative number theoretic function is a number theoretic function f that has the property f(mn)=f(m)f(n) (1) for all pairs of relatively prime positive integers m and ...

Given a Lyapunov characteristic exponent sigma_i, the corresponding Lyapunov characteristic number lambda_i is defined as lambda_i=e^(sigma_i). (1) For an n-dimensional ...

The Radon-Nikodym theorem asserts that any absolutely continuous complex measure lambda with respect to some positive measure mu (which could be Lebesgue measure or Haar ...

A quantity which does not equal zero is said to be nonzero. A real nonzero number must be either positive or negative, and a complex nonzero number can have either real or ...

The projective plane crossing number of a graph is the minimal number of crossings with which the graph can be drawn on the real projective plane. A graph with projective ...

Conjugation is the process of taking a complex conjugate of a complex number, complex matrix, etc., or of performing a conjugation move on a knot. Conjugation also has a ...

Poinsot's spirals are the two polar curves with equations r = acsch(ntheta) (1) r = asech(ntheta). (2)

The field of complex numbers, denoted C.