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A projection matrix P is an n×n square matrix that gives a vector space projection from R^n to a subspace W. The columns of P are the projections of the standard basis ...

The supremum is the least upper bound of a set S, defined as a quantity M such that no member of the set exceeds M, but if epsilon is any positive quantity, however small, ...

Synergetics deals with systems composed of many subsystems which may each be of a very different nature. In particular, synergetics treats systems in which cooperation among ...

The Lambert W-function, also called the omega function, is the inverse function of f(W)=We^W. (1) The plot above shows the function along the real axis. The principal value ...

The sinc function sinc(x), also called the "sampling function," is a function that arises frequently in signal processing and the theory of Fourier transforms. The full name ...

The Cauchy principal value of a finite integral of a function f about a point c with a<=c<=b is given by ...

The inverse sine is the multivalued function sin^(-1)z (Zwillinger 1995, p. 465), also denoted arcsinz (Abramowitz and Stegun 1972, p. 79; Harris and Stocker 1998, p. 307; ...

The inverse trigonometric functions are the inverse functions of the trigonometric functions, written cos^(-1)z, cot^(-1)z, csc^(-1)z, sec^(-1)z, sin^(-1)z, and tan^(-1)z. ...

Newton's method, also called the Newton-Raphson method, is a root-finding algorithm that uses the first few terms of the Taylor series of a function f(x) in the vicinity of a ...

An unsolved problem in mathematics attributed to Lehmer (1933) that concerns the minimum Mahler measure M_1(P) for a univariate polynomial P(x) that is not a product of ...