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A refinement X of a cover Y is a cover such that every element x in X is a subset of an element y in Y.

The residual is the sum of deviations from a best-fit curve of arbitrary form. R=sum[y_i-f(x_i,a_1,...,a_n)]^2. The residual should not be confused with the correlation ...

rho_(2s)(n)=(pi^s)/(Gamma(s))n^(s-1)sum_(p,q)((S_(p,q))/q)^(2s)e^(2nppii/q), where S_(p,q) is a Gaussian sum, and Gamma(s) is the gamma function.

The tensor defined by T^l_(jk)=-(Gamma^l_(jk)-Gamma^l_(kj)), where Gamma^l_(jk) are Christoffel symbols of the first kind.

Calculus I

The batman curve is a piecewise curve in the shape of the logo of the Batman superhero originally posted on reddit.com on Jul. 28, 2011. It can written as two functions, one ...

A circular sector is a wedge obtained by taking a portion of a disk with central angle theta<pi radians (180 degrees), illustrated above as the shaded region. A sector with ...

A triangle ABC formed by three circular arcs. By extending the arcs into complete circles, the points of intersection A^', B^', and C^' are obtained. This gives the three ...

Given a triangle DeltaABC and a point P not a vertex of DeltaABC, define the A^'-vertex of the circumcevian triangle as the point other than A in which the line AP meets the ...

A map projection which is a conformal mapping, i.e., one for which local (infinitesimal) angles on a sphere are mapped to the same angles in the projection. On maps of an ...