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An interior point method is a linear or nonlinear programming method (Forsgren et al. 2002) that achieves optimization by going through the middle of the solid defined by the ...

An invariant set S subset R^n is said to be a C^r (r>=1) invariant manifold if S has the structure of a C^r differentiable manifold (Wiggins 1990, p. 14). When stable and ...

The inconic having inconic parameters x:y:z=a/(b+c-a):b/(a+c-b):c/(a+b-c). Its center is the mittenpunkt M of the triangle and its Brianchon point is the Nagel point Na. The ...

A map projection given by the following transformation, x = lambda-lambda_0 (1) y = 5/4ln[tan(1/4pi+2/5phi)] (2) = 5/4sinh^(-1)[tan(4/5phi)]. (3) Here, x and y are the plane ...

A surface which a monkey can straddle with both legs and his tail. A simple Cartesian equation for such a surface is z=x(x^2-3y^2), (1) which can also be given by the ...

According to most authors (e.g., Kelley 1955, p. 113; McCarty 1967, p. 144; Willard 1970, p. 92) a regular space is a topological space in which every neighborhood of a point ...

A Taylor series is a series expansion of a function about a point. A one-dimensional Taylor series is an expansion of a real function f(x) about a point x=a is given by (1) ...

A set of vectors in Euclidean n-space is said to satisfy the Haar condition if every set of n vectors is linearly independent (Cheney 1999). Expressed otherwise, each ...

To solve the system of differential equations (dx)/(dt)=Ax(t)+p(t), (1) where A is a matrix and x and p are vectors, first consider the homogeneous case with p=0. The ...

The 2-cusped epicycloid is called a nephroid. The name nephroid means "kidney shaped" and was first used for the two-cusped epicycloid by Proctor in 1878 (MacTutor Archive). ...