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The Newton-Cotes formulas are an extremely useful and straightforward family of numerical integration techniques. To integrate a function f(x) over some interval [a,b], ...

Bézout's theorem for curves states that, in general, two algebraic curves of degrees m and n intersect in m·n points and cannot meet in more than m·n points unless they have ...

The Cayley-Menger determinant is a determinant that gives the volume of a simplex in j dimensions. If S is a j-simplex in R^n with vertices v_1,...,v_(j+1) and B=(beta_(ik)) ...

The term "characteristic" has many different uses in mathematics. In general, it refers to some property that inherently describes a given mathematical object, for example ...

Combinatorial geometry is a blending of principles from the areas of combinatorics and geometry. It deals with combinations and arrangements of geometric objects and with ...

The common logarithm is the logarithm to base 10. The notation logx is used by physicists, engineers, and calculator keypads to denote the common logarithm. However, ...

Let a closed surface have genus g. Then the polyhedral formula generalizes to the Poincaré formula chi(g)=V-E+F, (1) where chi(g)=2-2g (2) is the Euler characteristic, ...

Four-dimensional geometry is Euclidean geometry extended into one additional dimension. The prefix "hyper-" is usually used to refer to the four- (and higher-) dimensional ...

There are a number of slightly different definitions of the Fresnel integrals. In physics, the Fresnel integrals denoted C(u) and S(u) are most often defined by C(u)+iS(u) = ...

The Gudermannian function is the odd function denoted either gamma(x) or gd(x) which arises in the inverse equations for the Mercator projection. phi(y)=gd(y) expresses the ...