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The term "parameter" is used in a number of ways in mathematics. In general, mathematical functions may have a number of arguments. Arguments that are typically varied when ...

Define a pebbling move as a transer of two pebbles from one vertex of a graph edge to an adjacent vertex with one of the pebbles being removed in transit as a toll. The ...

An impossible figure in which a stairway in the shape of a square appears to circulate indefinitely while still possessing normal steps (Penrose and Penrose 1958). The Dutch ...

The pentagonal hexecontahedron is the 60-faced dual polyhedron of the snub dodecahedron A_8 (Holden 1971, p. 55). It is Wenninger dual W_(18). A tetrahedron 10-compound, cube ...

The pentagonal icositetrahedron is the 24-faced dual polyhedron of the snub cube A_7 and Wenninger dual W_(17). The mineral cuprite (Cu_2O) forms in pentagonal ...

A pair of elements (p_i,p_j) is called an inversion in a permutation p if i>j and p_i<p_j (Skiena 1990, p. 27; Pemmaraju and Skiena 2003, p. 69). For example, in the ...

A set of ascending sequences in a permutation is called a run (Graham et al. 1994) or sometimes a rise (Comtet 1974, p. 241). A sorted permutation consists of a single run, ...

Let G be a Lie group and let rho be a group representation of G on C^n (for some natural number n), which is continuous in the sense that the function G×C^n->C^n defined by ...

A prime factorization algorithm also known as Pollard Monte Carlo factorization method. There are two aspects to the Pollard rho factorization method. The first is the idea ...

A polyhedron compound is an arrangement of a number of interpenetrating polyhedra, either all the same or of several distinct types, usually having visually attractive ...