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The variation of a function which exhibits slope changes, also called the saltus of a function. A series may also oscillate, causing it not to converge.

The number of outward directed graph edges from a given graph vertex in a directed graph.

An egg-shaped curve. Lockwood (1967) calls the negative pedal curve of an ellipse with eccentricity e<=1/2 an ovoid.

A symbol employed in a formal propositional calculus.

The term pairwise refers to taking all unordered 2-subsets of a given set. For example, the pairwise products of the set {a,b,c} are ab, ac, and bc.

The Paley class of a positive integer m=0 (mod 4) is defined as the set of all possible quadruples (k,e,q,n) where m=2^e(q^n+1), (1) q is an odd prime, and k={0 if q=0; 1 if ...

Proved in 1933. If q is an odd prime or q=0 and n is any positive integer, then there is a Hadamard matrix of order m=2^e(q^n+1), where e is any positive integer such that ...

There are several theorems that generally are known by the generic name "Pappus's Theorem." They include Pappus's centroid theorem, the Pappus chain, Pappus's harmonic ...

A parabolic cyclide formed by inversion of a spindle torus when the inversion sphere is tangent to the torus.

A catastrophe which can occur for four control factors and two behavior axes. The parabolic umbilic catastrophe is given by the unfolding ...