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For a set of n numbers or values of a discrete distribution x_i, ..., x_n, the root-mean-square (abbreviated "RMS" and sometimes called the quadratic mean), is the square ...

Let E be a Euclidean space, (beta,alpha) be the dot product, and denote the reflection in the hyperplane P_alpha={beta in E|(beta,alpha)=0} by ...

The time required for a given principal to double (assuming n=1 conversion period) for compound interest is given by solving 2P=P(1+r)^t, (1) or t=(ln2)/(ln(1+r)), (2) where ...

Also called "Ethiopian multiplication." To multiply two numbers a and b, write a_0=a and b_0=b in two columns. Under a_0, write |_a_0/2_|, where |_x_| is the floor function, ...

Informally, the sample space for a given set of events is the set of all possible values the events may assume. Formally, the set of possible events for a given random ...

A Saunders graphic is a plot of the dth base-b digits of a function f(x,y) as a function of x and y. The plots above show Saunders graphics for the functions ...

If one solution (y_1) to a second-order ordinary differential equation y^('')+P(x)y^'+Q(x)y=0 (1) is known, the other (y_2) may be found using the so-called reduction of ...

The spherical curve obtained when moving along the surface of a sphere with constant speed, while maintaining a constant angular velocity with respect to a fixed diameter ...

A curve named and studied by Newton in 1701 and contained in his classification of cubic curves. It had been studied earlier by L'Hospital and Huygens in 1692 (MacTutor ...

A constant-curvature surface which can be given parametrically by x = rcosphi (1) y = rsinphi (2) z = (ln[tan(1/2v)]+a(C+1)cosv)/(sqrt(C)), (3) where phi = ...