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A cellular automaton is a collection of "colored" cells on a grid of specified shape that evolves through a number of discrete time steps according to a set of rules based on ...

Chess is a two-player board game believed to have been played in India as early as the sixth century AD. In different parts of this world, different chess games are played. ...

Combinatorics is the branch of mathematics studying the enumeration, combination, and permutation of sets of elements and the mathematical relations that characterize their ...

A polynomial given by Phi_n(x)=product_(k=1)^n^'(x-zeta_k), (1) where zeta_k are the roots of unity in C given by zeta_k=e^(2piik/n) (2) and k runs over integers relatively ...

A Dirichlet L-series is a series of the form L_k(s,chi)=sum_(n=1)^inftychi_k(n)n^(-s), (1) where the number theoretic character chi_k(n) is an integer function with period k, ...

A function tau(n) related to the divisor function sigma_k(n), also sometimes called Ramanujan's tau function. It is defined via the Fourier series of the modular discriminant ...

The xi-function is the function xi(z) = 1/2z(z-1)(Gamma(1/2z))/(pi^(z/2))zeta(z) (1) = ((z-1)Gamma(1/2z+1)zeta(z))/(sqrt(pi^z)), (2) where zeta(z) is the Riemann zeta ...

A (0,1)-matrix is an integer matrix in which each element is a 0 or 1. It is also called a logical matrix, binary matrix, relation matrix, or Boolean matrix. The number of ...

The 16-cell beta_4 is the finite regular four-dimensional cross polytope with Schläfli symbol {3,3,4}. It is also known as the hyperoctahedron (Buekenhout and Parker 1998) or ...

Take any positive integer of two digits or more, reverse the digits, and add to the original number. This is the operation of the reverse-then-add sequence. Now repeat the ...