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An n-mark Golomb ruler is a set of n distinct nonnegative integers (a_1,a_2,...,a_n), called "marks," such that the positive differences |a_i-a_j|, computed over all possible ...

In its original form, the Poincaré conjecture states that every simply connected closed three-manifold is homeomorphic to the three-sphere (in a topologist's sense) S^3, ...

The utility problem posits three houses and three utility companies--say, gas, electric, and water--and asks if each utility can be connected to each house without having any ...

The commutator subgroup (also called a derived group) of a group G is the subgroup generated by the commutators of its elements, and is commonly denoted G^' or [G,G]. It is ...

Let n points xi_1, ..., xi_n be randomly distributed on a domain S, and let H be some event that depends on the positions of the n points. Let S^' be a domain slightly ...

Goldbach's original conjecture (sometimes called the "ternary" Goldbach conjecture), written in a June 7, 1742 letter to Euler, states "at least it seems that every number ...

Let J be a finite group and the image R(J) be a representation which is a homomorphism of J into a permutation group S(X), where S(X) is the group of all permutations of a ...

A Thâbit ibn Kurrah prime, sometimes called a 321-prime, is a Thâbit ibn Kurrah number (i.e., a number of the form 3·2^n-1 for nonnegative integer n) that is prime. The ...

A Wagstaff prime is a prime number of the form (2^p+1)/3 for p a prime number. The first few are given by p=3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 31, 43, 61, 79, 101, 127, 167, 191, ...

cos(pi/(15)) = 1/8(sqrt(30+6sqrt(5))+sqrt(5)-1) (1) cos((2pi)/(15)) = 1/8(sqrt(30-6sqrt(5))+sqrt(5)+1) (2) cos((4pi)/(15)) = 1/8(sqrt(30+6sqrt(5))-sqrt(5)+1) (3) ...