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The homotopy groups generalize the fundamental group to maps from higher dimensional spheres, instead of from the circle. The nth homotopy group of a topological space X is ...

The hyperbolic octahedron is a hyperbolic version of the Euclidean octahedron, which is a special case of the astroidal ellipsoid with a=b=c=1. It is given by the parametric ...

The isoperimetric quotient of a closed curve is defined as the ratio of the curve area to the area of a circle (A=pir_A^2) with same perimeter (p=2pir_p) as the curve, Q = ...

Legendre's formula counts the number of positive integers less than or equal to a number x which are not divisible by any of the first a primes, (1) where |_x_| is the floor ...

The nth root of the denominator B_n of the nth convergent A_n/B_n of a number x tends to a constant lim_(n->infty)B_n^(1/n) = e^beta (1) = e^(pi^2/(12ln2)) (2) = 3.275823... ...

For a real number x in (0,1), let m be the number of terms in the convergent to a regular continued fraction that are required to represent n decimal places of x. Then Lochs' ...

By analogy with the log sine function, define the log cosine function by C_n=int_0^(pi/2)[ln(cosx)]^ndx. (1) The first few cases are given by C_1 = -1/2piln2 (2) C_2 = ...

A_m(lambda)=int_(-infty)^inftycos[1/2mphi(t)-lambdat]dt, (1) where the function phi(t)=4tan^(-1)(e^t)-pi (2) describes the motion along the pendulum separatrix. Chirikov ...

The points of intersection of the adjacent angle trisectors of the angles of any triangle DeltaABC are the polygon vertices of an equilateral triangle DeltaDEF known as the ...

The next prime function NP(n) gives the smallest prime larger than n. The function can be given explicitly as NP(n)=p_(1+pi(n)), where p_i is the ith prime and pi(n) is the ...