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If two points A and A^' are inverse (sometimes called conjugate) with respect to a circle (the inversion circle), then the straight line through A^' which is perpendicular to ...

Define a = d(u,v)d(w,x) (1) b = d(u,w)d(v,x) (2) c = d(u,x)d(v,w), (3) where u, v, w, and x are vertices of a graph and d(i,j) is the graph distance between vertices i and j. ...

A quotient-difference table is a triangular array of numbers constructed by drawing a sequence of n numbers in a horizontal row and placing a 1 above each. An additional "1" ...

The term "quotient" is most commonly used to refer to the ratio q=r/s of two quantities r and s, where s!=0. Less commonly, the term quotient is also used to mean the integer ...

The operation of exchanging all points of a mathematical object with their mirror images (i.e., reflections in a mirror). Objects that do not change handedness under ...

Rule 60 is one of the elementary cellular automaton rules introduced by Stephen Wolfram in 1983 (Wolfram 1983, 2002). It specifies the next color in a cell, depending on its ...

A problem also known as the points problem or unfinished game. Consider a tournament involving k players playing the same game repetitively. Each game has a single winner, ...

The solid angle Omega subtended by a surface S is defined as the surface area Omega of a unit sphere covered by the surface's projection onto the sphere. This can be written ...

There are two incompatible definitions of the squircle. The first defines the squircle as the quartic plane curve which is special case of the superellipse with a=b and r=4, ...

If a Steiner chain is formed from one starting circle, then a Steiner chain is formed from any other starting circle. In other words, given two circles with one interior to ...