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The generalized law of sines applies to a simplex in space of any dimension with constant Gaussian curvature. Let us work up to that. Initially in two-dimensional space, we ...

The smallest positive composite number and the first even perfect square. Four is the smallest even number appearing in a Pythagorean triple: 3, 4, 5. In the numerology of ...

In general, polynomial equations higher than fourth degree are incapable of algebraic solution in terms of a finite number of additions, subtractions, multiplications, ...

The term "characteristic" has many different uses in mathematics. In general, it refers to some property that inherently describes a given mathematical object, for example ...

A map u:M->N, between two compact Riemannian manifolds, is a harmonic map if it is a critical point for the energy functional int_M|du|^2dmu_M. The norm of the differential ...

A variable is a symbol on whose value a function, polynomial, etc., depends. For example, the variables in the function f(x,y) are x and y. A function having a single ...

The hyperbolic cosine is defined as coshz=1/2(e^z+e^(-z)). (1) The notation chx is sometimes also used (Gradshteyn and Ryzhik 2000, p. xxix). This function describes the ...

The spherical harmonics can be generalized to vector spherical harmonics by looking for a scalar function psi and a constant vector c such that M = del x(cpsi) (1) = psi(del ...

The duplication formula for Rogers L-function follows from Abel's functional equation and is given by 1/2L(x^2)=L(x)-L(x/(1+x)).

An algebraic expression in variables {x_1,...,x_n} is an expression constructed with the variables and algebraic numbers using addition, multiplication, and rational powers.