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Betti numbers are topological objects which were proved to be invariants by Poincaré, and used by him to extend the polyhedral formula to higher dimensional spaces. ...

In discrete percolation theory, bond percolation is a percolation model on a regular point lattice L=L^d in d-dimensional Euclidean space which considers the lattice graph ...

The term "bundle" is an abbreviated form of the full term fiber bundle. Depending on context, it may mean one of the special cases of fiber bundles, such as a vector bundle ...

Combinatorial matrix theory is a rich branch of mathematics that combines combinatorics, graph theory, and linear algebra. It includes the theory of matrices with prescribed ...

A constant function is function f(x)=c whose value does not change as its parameters vary. The function graph of a one-dimensional constant function is a straight line. The ...

The cyclic group C_(10) is the unique Abelian group of group order 10 (the other order-10 group being the non-Abelian D_5). Examples include the integers modulo 10 under ...

The cyclic group C_(12) is one of the two Abelian groups of the five groups total of group order 12 (the other order-12 Abelian group being finite group C2×C6). Examples ...

C_4 is one of the two groups of group order 4. Like C_2×C_2, it is Abelian, but unlike C_2×C_2, it is a cyclic. Examples include the point groups C_4 (note that the same ...

C_6 is one of the two groups of group order 6 which, unlike D_3, is Abelian. It is also a cyclic. It is isomorphic to C_2×C_3. Examples include the point groups C_6 and S_6, ...

The cyclic group C_8 is one of the three Abelian groups of the five groups total of group order 8. Examples include the integers modulo 8 under addition (Z_8) and the residue ...