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An n×n Latin square is a Latin rectangle with k=n. Specifically, a Latin square consists of n sets of the numbers 1 to n arranged in such a way that no orthogonal (row or ...

In elementary geometry, orthogonal is the same as perpendicular. Two lines or curves are orthogonal if they are perpendicular at their point of intersection. Two vectors v ...

A k×n Latin rectangle is a k×n matrix with elements a_(ij) in {1,2,...,n} such that entries in each row and column are distinct. If k=n, the special case of a Latin square ...

An irregular dodecagonal cross in the shape of a dagger |. The six faces of a cube can be cut along seven edges and unfolded into a Latin cross (i.e., the Latin cross is the ...

In a normal n×n Latin square, the entries in each row and column are chosen from a "global" set of n objects. Like a Latin square, a partial Latin square has no two rows or ...

Euler conjectured that there do not exist Euler squares of order n=4k+2 for k=1, 2, .... In fact, MacNeish (1921-1922) published a purported proof of this conjecture (Bruck ...

A mathematical procedure for finding the best-fitting curve to a given set of points by minimizing the sum of the squares of the offsets ("the residuals") of the points from ...

A plot of the cells on a grid satisfying bitwise XOR(a,b)<n for consecutive values of n=1, 2, .... It is thought that it was discovered by Jackson Wright on the RLE PDP-1 ...

A n×n matrix A is an orthogonal matrix if AA^(T)=I, (1) where A^(T) is the transpose of A and I is the identity matrix. In particular, an orthogonal matrix is always ...

Families of surfaces which are mutually orthogonal. Up to three families of surfaces may be orthogonal in three dimensions. The simplest example of three orthogonal surfaces ...