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An almost integer is a number that is very close to an integer. Near-solutions to Fermat's last theorem provide a number of high-profile almost integers. In the season 7, ...

The alternating factorial is defined as the sum of consecutive factorials with alternating signs, a(n)=sum_(k=1)^n(-1)^(n-k)k!. (1) They can be given in closed form as ...

A puzzle involving disentangling a set of rings from a looped double rod, originally used by French peasants to lock chests (Steinhaus 1999). The word "baguenaudier" means ...

Cartesian coordinates are rectilinear two- or three-dimensional coordinates (and therefore a special case of curvilinear coordinates) which are also called rectangular ...

An equation is said to be a closed-form solution if it solves a given problem in terms of functions and mathematical operations from a given generally-accepted set. For ...

In December 1920, M. Schönfinkel presented in a report to the Mathematical Society in Göttingen a new type of formal logic based on the concept of a generalized function ...

The confocal ellipsoidal coordinates, called simply "ellipsoidal coordinates" by Morse and Feshbach (1953) and "elliptic coordinates" by Hilbert and Cohn-Vossen (1999, p. ...

A series is said to be convergent if it approaches some limit (D'Angelo and West 2000, p. 259). Formally, the infinite series sum_(n=1)^(infty)a_n is convergent if the ...

A convolution is an integral that expresses the amount of overlap of one function g as it is shifted over another function f. It therefore "blends" one function with another. ...

The correlation coefficient, sometimes also called the cross-correlation coefficient, Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC), Pearson's r, the Perason product-moment ...