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A square matrix is called centrosymmetric if it is symmetric with respect to the center (Muir 1960, p. 19).

Characteristic classes are cohomology classes in the base space of a vector bundle, defined through obstruction theory, which are (perhaps partial) obstructions to the ...

A sum of the digits in a given transmission modulo some number. The simplest form of checksum is a parity bit appended on to 7-bit numbers (e.g., ASCII characters) such that ...

Let A be a unital C^*-algebra, then an element u in A is called co-isometry if uu^*=1.

Cohomology is an invariant of a topological space, formally "dual" to homology, and so it detects "holes" in a space. Cohomology has more algebraic structure than homology, ...

A complete multipartite graph is a graph that is a complete k-partite graph for some positive integer k (Chartrand and Zhang 2008, p. 41).

A set in R^d is concave if it does not contain all the line segments connecting any pair of its points. If the set does contain all the line segments, it is called convex.

Two square matrices A and B are called congruent if there exists a nonsingular matrix P such that B=P^(T)AP, where P^(T) is the transpose.

A sphere with four punctures occurring where a knot passes through the surface.

Qualitatively, a deep theorem is a theorem whose proof is long, complicated, difficult, or appears to involve branches of mathematics which are not obviously related to the ...