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An outlier is an observation that lies outside the overall pattern of a distribution (Moore and McCabe 1999). Usually, the presence of an outlier indicates some sort of ...

Sprague (1963) considered the problem of "rolling" five cubes, each which an upright letter "A" on its top, on a chessboard. Here "rolling" means the cubes are moved from ...

The S distribution is defined in terms of its distribution function F(x) as the solution to the initial value problem (dF)/(dx)=alpha(F^g-F^h), where F(x_0)=F_0 (Savageau ...

The Shaw Prizes are $1 million cash awards offered annually by Run Run Shaw (b. 1907), a longtime movie and television producer. There are prizes for astronomy, life science ...

A four-sided quadrilateral not contained in a plane. The lines connecting the midpoints of opposite sides of a skew quadrilateral intersect (and bisect) each other (Steinhaus ...

Sorites paradoxes are a class of paradoxical arguments also known as little-by-little arguments. The name "sorites" derives from the Greek word soros, meaning "pile" or ...

de Rham cohomology is a formal set-up for the analytic problem: If you have a differential k-form omega on a manifold M, is it the exterior derivative of another differential ...

A Hamiltonian path, also called a Hamilton path, is a graph path between two vertices of a graph that visits each vertex exactly once. If a Hamiltonian path exists whose ...

A function f(t) of one or more parameters containing a noise term epsilon(t) f(t)=L(t)+epsilon(t), where the noise is (without loss of generality) assumed to be additive.

The sequence a(n) given by the exponents of the highest power of 2 dividing n, i.e., the number of trailing 0s in the binary representation of n. For n=1, 2, ..., the first ...