The distribution is defined in terms of its distribution function as the solution to the initial value problem
where (Savageau 1982, Aksenov and Savageau 2001). It has four free parameters: , , , and .
The distribution is capable of approximating many central and noncentral unimodal univariate distributions rather well (Voit 1991), but also includes the exponential, logistic, uniform and linear distributions as special cases. The S distribution derives its name from the fact that it is based on the theory of S-systems (Savageau 1976, Voit 1991, Aksenov and Savageau 2001).