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A curve of constant width constructed by drawing arcs from each polygon vertex of an equilateral triangle between the other two vertices. The Reuleaux triangle has the ...

A figurate number of the form P_n^((4))=1/6n(n+1)(2n+1), (1) corresponding to a configuration of points which form a square pyramid, is called a square pyramidal number (or ...

The Steinmetz solid is the solid common to two (or three) right circular cylinders of equal radii intersecting at right angles is called the Steinmetz solid. Two cylinders ...

The stella octangula is a polyhedron compound composed of a tetrahedron and its dual (a second tetrahedron rotated 180 degrees with respect to the first). The stella ...

A Turing machine is a theoretical computing machine invented by Alan Turing (1937) to serve as an idealized model for mathematical calculation. A Turing machine consists of a ...

A special case of the quadratic Diophantine equation having the form x^2-Dy^2=1, (1) where D>0 is a nonsquare natural number (Dickson 2005). The equation x^2-Dy^2=+/-4 (2) ...

Given a system of ordinary differential equations of the form d/(dt)[x; y; v_x; v_y]=-[0 0 -1 0; 0 0 0 -1; Phi_(xx)(t) Phi_(yx)(t) 0 0; Phi_(xy)(t) Phi_(yy)(t) 0 0][x; y; ...

In cylindrical coordinates, the scale factors are h_r=1, h_theta=r, h_z=1, so the Laplacian is given by del ...

A second-order ordinary differential equation arising in the study of stellar interiors, also called the polytropic differential equations. It is given by ...

In spherical coordinates, the scale factors are h_r=1, h_theta=rsinphi, h_phi=r, and the separation functions are f_1(r)=r^2, f_2(theta)=1, f_3(phi)=sinphi, giving a Stäckel ...