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A permutation cycle is a subset of a permutation whose elements trade places with one another. Permutations cycles are called "orbits" by Comtet (1974, p. 256). For example, ...

A projective plane, sometimes called a twisted sphere (Henle 1994, p. 110), is a surface without boundary derived from a usual plane by addition of a line at infinity. Just ...

A random matrix is a matrix of given type and size whose entries consist of random numbers from some specified distribution. Random matrix theory is cited as one of the ...

The (first) rhombic dodecahedron is the dual polyhedron of the cuboctahedron A_1 (Holden 1971, p. 55) and Wenninger dual W_(11). Its sometimes also called the rhomboidal ...

The rhombic hexecontahedron is a 60-faced polyhedron that can be obtained by stellating the rhombic triacontahedron by placing a plane along each edge which is perpendicular ...

A Riemann surface is a surface-like configuration that covers the complex plane with several, and in general infinitely many, "sheets." These sheets can have very complicated ...

Rule 30 is one of the elementary cellular automaton rules introduced by Stephen Wolfram in 1983 (Wolfram 1983, 2002). It specifies the next color in a cell, depending on its ...

A set is a finite or infinite collection of objects in which order has no significance, and multiplicity is generally also ignored (unlike a list or multiset). Members of a ...

The (small) rhombicuboctahedron (Cundy and Rowlett 1989, p. 105), sometimes simply called the rhombicuboctahedron (Wenninger 1989, p. 27; Maeder 1997, Conway et al. 1999), is ...

The smallest cubic graphs with graph crossing number CN(G)=n have been termed "crossing number graphs" or n-crossing graphs by Pegg and Exoo (2009). The n-crossing graphs are ...