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A generalization of simple majority voting in which a list of quotas {q_0,...,q_n} specifies, according to the number of votes, how many votes an alternative needs to win ...

For a group G and a normal subgroup N of G, the quotient group of N in G, written G/N and read "G modulo N", is the set of cosets of N in G. Quotient groups are also called ...

The radical circle of three given circles is the circle having center at the radical center of the three circles and is orthogonal to all of them. (A circle with center at ...

The Radon-Nikodym theorem asserts that any absolutely continuous complex measure lambda with respect to some positive measure mu (which could be Lebesgue measure or Haar ...

A random closed set (RACS) in R^d is a measurable function from a probability space (Omega,A,P) into (F,Sigma) where F is the collection of all closed subsets of R^d and ...

A random permutation is a permutation containing a fixed number n of a random selection from a given set of elements. There are two main algorithms for constructing random ...

On a three-dimensional lattice, a random walk has less than unity probability of reaching any point (including the starting point) as the number of steps approaches infinity. ...

A K-rational point is a point (X,Y) on an algebraic curve f(X,Y)=0, where X and Y are in a field K. For example, rational point in the field Q of ordinary rational numbers is ...

Rational numbers are countable, so an order can be placed on them just like the natural numbers. Although such an ordering is not obvious (nor unique), one such ordering can ...

There are at least two sequences attributed to B. Recamán. One is the sequence a_n formed by taking a_1=1 and letting a_n={a_(n-1)-n if a_(n-1)-n>0 and is new; a_(n-1)+n ...