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Let (A,<=) and (B,<=) be disjoint totally ordered sets with order types alpha and beta. Then the ordinal sum is defined at set (C=A union B,<=) where, if c_1 and c_2 are both ...

An oriented knot is an oriented link of one component, or equivalently, it is a knot which has been given an orientation. Given an oriented knot K, reversing the orientation ...

A lattice L is said to be oriented if there exists a rule which assigns a specified direction to any edge connecting arbitrary lattice points x_i,x_j in L. In that way, an ...

An oriented link is a link for which each connected component has been given an orientation. As oriented links are equivalent, if there is an orientation preserving ...

A subset {v_1,...,v_k} of a vector space V, with the inner product <,>, is called orthogonal if <v_i,v_j>=0 when i!=j. That is, the vectors are mutually perpendicular. Note ...

Given a set X, a set function mu^*:2^X->[0,infty] is said to be an outer measure provided that mu^*(emptyset)=0 and that mu^* is countably monotone, where emptyset is the ...

A problem is assigned to the P (polynomial time) class if there exists at least one algorithm to solve that problem, such that the number of steps of the algorithm is bounded ...

The placement of objects so that they touch in some specified manner, often inside a container with specified properties. For example, one could consider a sphere packing, ...

Apply the 196-algorithm, which consists of taking any positive integer of two digits or more, reversing the digits, and adding to the original number. Now sum the two and ...

A simple unlabeled graph on n vertices is called pancyclic if it contains cycles of all lengths, 3, 4, ..., n. Since a pancyclic graph must contain a cycle of length n, ...