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Sudoku (literally, "single number"), sometimes also is a pencil-and-paper logic puzzle whose goal is to complete a grid satisfying various constraints. In the "classic" ...

The point of concurrence K of the symmedians, sometimes also called the Lemoine point (in England and France) or the Grebe point (in Germany). Equivalently, the symmedian ...

Synthetic division is a shortcut method for dividing two polynomials which can be used in place of the standard long division algorithm. This method reduces the dividend and ...

Two circles with centers at (x_i,y_i) with radii r_i for i=1,2 are mutually tangent if (x_1-x_2)^2+(y_1-y_2)^2=(r_1+/-r_2)^2. (1) If the center of the second circle is inside ...

Tutte's fragment (Taylor 1997) is the 15-node graph illustrated above (Grünbaum 2003, pp. 358-359 and Fig. 17.1.3). If the graph obtained by adding pendant edges to corners ...

A uniquely k-colorable graph G is a chi-colorable graph such that every chi-coloring gives the same partition of G (Chao 2001). Examples of uniquely minimal colorable classes ...

A vector is formally defined as an element of a vector space. In the commonly encountered vector space R^n (i.e., Euclidean n-space), a vector is given by n coordinates and ...

As defined in this work, a wheel graph W_n of order n, sometimes simply called an n-wheel (Harary 1994, p. 46; Pemmaraju and Skiena 2003, p. 248; Tutte 2005, p. 78), is a ...

Consider any star of n line segments through one point in space such that no three lines are coplanar. Then there exists a polyhedron, known as a zonohedron, whose faces ...

A p-adic number is an extension of the field of rationals such that congruences modulo powers of a fixed prime p are related to proximity in the so called "p-adic metric." ...