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There are at least three definitions of "groupoid" currently in use. The first type of groupoid is an algebraic structure on a set with a binary operator. The only ...

The Laplace transform is an integral transform perhaps second only to the Fourier transform in its utility in solving physical problems. The Laplace transform is particularly ...

Nonstandard analysis is a branch of mathematical logic which introduces hyperreal numbers to allow for the existence of "genuine infinitesimals," which are numbers that are ...

The biconjugate gradient method often displays rather irregular convergence behavior. Moreover, the implicit LU decomposition of the reduced tridiagonal system may not exist, ...

How can n points be distributed on a unit sphere such that they maximize the minimum distance between any pair of points? This maximum distance is called the covering radius, ...

Thurston's conjecture proposed a complete characterization of geometric structures on three-dimensional manifolds. Before stating Thurston's geometrization conjecture in ...

A triangle with rows containing the numbers {1,2,...,n} that begins with 1, ends with n, and such that the sum of each two consecutive entries being a prime. Rows 2 to 6 are ...

A prime p is called a Wolstenholme prime if the central binomial coefficient (2p; p)=2 (mod p^4), (1) or equivalently if B_(p-3)=0 (mod p), (2) where B_n is the nth Bernoulli ...

The number 1000000=10^6. While one million in the "American" system of numbers means the same thing as one million in the "British" system, the words billion, trillion, etc., ...

A phi-prime is a prime number appearing in the decimal expansion of the golden ratio phi. The first few are 1618033, 1618033988749, ... (OEIS A064117). The numbers of decimal ...