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A spheroid is an ellipsoid having two axes of equal length, making it a surface of revolution. By convention, the two distinct axis lengths are denoted a and c, and the ...

One of the three standard tori given by the parametric equations x = (c+acosv)cosu (1) y = (c+acosv)sinu (2) z = asinv (3) with c<a. The exterior surface is called an apple ...

A two-component complex column vector. Spinors can describe both bosons and fermions, while tensors can describe only bosons.

In particle physics, a spinor field of order 2s describes a particle of spin s, where s is an integer or half-integer. Therefore, a spinor of order 4s contains as much ...

The Lie derivative of a spinor psi is defined by L_Xpsi(x)=lim_(t->0)(psi^~_t(x)-psi(x))/t, where psi^~_t is the image of psi by a one-parameter group of isometries with X ...

The combination of a central dilation and a rotation about the same center. However, the combination of a central dilation and a rotation whose centers are distinct is also a ...

The equation of the curve of intersection of a torus with a plane perpendicular to both the midplane of the torus and to the plane x=0. (The general intersection of a torus ...

A hypotrochoid generated by a fixed point on a circle rolling inside a fixed circle. The curves above correspond to values of a=0.1, 0.2, ..., 1.0. Additional attractive ...

A figure formed by taking a series of steps of length 1, 2, ..., n, with an angle theta turn after each step. The symbol for a spirolateral is ^(a_1,...,a_k)n_theta, where ...

A self-organizing data structure which uses rotations to move any accessed key to the root. This leaves recently accessed nodes near the top of the tree, making them very ...