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Linkages are linked (or constrained) mechanical structures such as those used in robots, excavators, engines, etc. They are also extensively used for character animation in ...

For a logarithmic spiral given parametrically as x = ae^(bt)cost (1) y = ae^(bt)sint, (2) evolute is given by x_e = -abe^(bt)sint (3) y_e = abe^(bt)cost. (4) As first shown ...

Let Y^X be the set of continuous mappings f:X->Y. Then the topological space Y^X supplied with the compact-open topology is called a mapping space, and if X=I is taken as the ...

A semi-Riemannian manifold M=(M,g) is said to be Lorentzian if dim(M)>=2 and if the index I=I_g associated with the metric tensor g satisfies I=1. Alternatively, a smooth ...

The fractal illustrated above.

The word "median" has several different meanings in mathematics all related to the "middle" of mathematical objects. The statistical median is an order statistic that gives ...

Roughly speaking, the metric tensor g_(ij) is a function which tells how to compute the distance between any two points in a given space. Its components can be viewed as ...

A map projection given by the following transformation, x = lambda-lambda_0 (1) y = 5/4ln[tan(1/4pi+2/5phi)] (2) = 5/4sinh^(-1)[tan(4/5phi)]. (3) Here, x and y are the plane ...

A fractal curve created from the base curve and motif illustrated above (Lauwerier 1991, p. 37). As illustrated above, the number of segments after the nth iteration is ...

Let V=R^k be a k-dimensional vector space over R, let S subset V, and let W={w in V:w·n^^=0} be a subspace of V of dimension k-1, where n^^ is a unit normal vector of W. Then ...