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Combinatorial matrix theory is a rich branch of mathematics that combines combinatorics, graph theory, and linear algebra. It includes the theory of matrices with prescribed ...

A monoid that is commutative i.e., a monoid M such that for every two elements a and b in M, ab=ba. This means that commutative monoids are commutative, associative, and have ...

Let A^~, B^~, ... be operators. Then the commutator of A^~ and B^~ is defined as [A^~,B^~]=A^~B^~-B^~A^~. (1) Let a, b, ... be constants, then identities include [f(x),x] = 0 ...

The commutator subgroup (also called a derived group) of a group G is the subgroup generated by the commutators of its elements, and is commonly denoted G^' or [G,G]. It is ...

Two matrices A and B which satisfy AB=BA (1) under matrix multiplication are said to be commuting. In general, matrix multiplication is not commutative. Furthermore, in ...

The approximation of a piecewise monotonic function f by a polynomial with the same monotonicity. Such comonotonic approximations can always be accomplished with nth degree ...

The compact-open topology is a common topology used on function spaces. Suppose X and Y are topological spaces and C(X,Y) is the set of continuous maps from f:X->Y. The ...

A compactification of a topological space X is a larger space Y containing X which is also compact. The smallest compactification is the one-point compactification. For ...

Let K subset V subset S^3 be a knot that is geometrically essential in a standard embedding of the solid torus V in the three-sphere S^3. Let K_1 subset S^3 be another knot ...

The companion matrix to a monic polynomial a(x)=a_0+a_1x+...+a_(n-1)x^(n-1)+x^n (1) is the n×n square matrix A=[0 0 ... 0 -a_0; 1 0 ... 0 -a_1; 0 1 ... 0 -a_2; | | ... ... |; ...