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The Lyapunov characteristic exponent [LCE] gives the rate of exponential divergence from perturbed initial conditions. To examine the behavior of an orbit around a point ...

Roughly speaking, a tangent vector is an infinitesimal displacement at a specific point on a manifold. The set of tangent vectors at a point P forms a vector space called the ...

A function that arises in performance analysis of partially coherent, differentially coherent, and noncoherent communications. The generalized Marcum Q-function is defined by ...

A geometric construction done with a movable compass alone. All constructions possible with a compass and straightedge are possible with a movable compass alone, as was ...

Let f(z) be an entire function such that f(n) is an integer for each positive integer n. Then Pólya (1915) showed that if lim sup_(r->infty)(lnM_r)/r<ln2=0.693... (1) (OEIS ...

The largest value of a set, function, etc. The maximum value of a set of elements A={a_i}_(i=1)^N is denoted maxA or max_(i)a_i, and is equal to the last element of a sorted ...

The mean deviation (also called the mean absolute deviation) is the mean of the absolute deviations of a set of data about the data's mean. For a sample size N, the mean ...

The terms "measure," "measurable," etc. have very precise technical definitions (usually involving sigma-algebras) that can make them appear difficult to understand. However, ...

The Meijer G-function is a very general function which reduces to simpler special functions in many common cases. The Meijer G-function is defined by (1) where Gamma(s) is ...

Consider the Euler product zeta(s)=product_(k=1)^infty1/(1-1/(p_k^s)), (1) where zeta(s) is the Riemann zeta function and p_k is the kth prime. zeta(1)=infty, but taking the ...