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A proof which indirectly shows a mathematical object exists without providing a specific example or algorithm for producing an example. Nonconstructive proofs are also called ...

Suppose that A and B are two normed (Banach) algebras. A vector space X is called an A-B-bimodule whenever it is simultaneously a normed (Banach) left A-module, a normed ...

A null hypothesis is a statistical hypothesis that is tested for possible rejection under the assumption that it is true (usually that observations are the result of chance). ...

Consider the average volume of a tetrahedron picked at random inside an octahedron of unit volume. The answer is difficult to compute analytically (Zinani 2003), but the mean ...

The set of octonions, also sometimes called Cayley numbers and denoted O, consists of the elements in a Cayley algebra. A typical octonion is of the form ...

Let (A,<=) and (B,<=) be disjoint totally ordered sets with order types alpha and beta. Then the ordinal sum is defined at set (C=A union B,<=) where, if c_1 and c_2 are both ...

An integer-relation algorithm which is based on a partial sum of squares approach, from which the algorithm takes its name.

Two lines in two-dimensional Euclidean space are said to be parallel if they do not intersect. In three-dimensional Euclidean space, parallel lines not only fail to ...

The parallelogram law gives the rule for vector addition of vectors A and B. The sum A+B of the vectors is obtained by placing them head to tail and drawing the vector from ...

A polyomino is a generalization of the domino to a collection of n squares of equal size arranged with coincident sides. Polyominos were originally called "super-dominoes" by ...