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Given a parabola with parametric equations x = at^2 (1) y = 2at, (2) the negative pedal curve for a pedal point (x_0,0) has equation x_n = (at^2[a(3t^2+4)-x_0])/(at^2+x_0) ...

The equation of a line ax+by+c=0 in slope-intercept form is given by y=-a/bx-c/b, (1) so the line has slope -a/b. Now consider the distance from a point (x_0,y_0) to the ...

A theory of constructing initial conditions that provides safe convergence of a numerical root-finding algorithm for an equation f(z)=0. Point estimation theory treats ...

Given an obtuse triangle, the polar circle has center at the orthocenter H. Call H_i the feet. Then the square of the radius r is given by r^2 = HA^_·HH_A^_ (1) = HB^_·HH_B^_ ...

The maximum and minimum of the normal curvature kappa_1 and kappa_2 at a given point on a surface are called the principal curvatures. The principal curvatures measure the ...

A Pythagorean quadruple is a set of positive integers a, b, c, and d that satisfy a^2+b^2+c^2=d^2. (1) For positive even a and b, there exist such integers c and d; for ...

The Shaw Prizes are $1 million cash awards offered annually by Run Run Shaw (b. 1907), a longtime movie and television producer. There are prizes for astronomy, life science ...

The spherical Bessel function of the second kind, denoted y_nu(z) or n_nu(z), is defined by y_nu(z)=sqrt(pi/(2z))Y_(nu+1/2)(z), (1) where Y_nu(z) is a Bessel function of the ...

The torsion of a space curve, sometimes also called the "second curvature" (Kreyszig 1991, p. 47), is the rate of change of the curve's osculating plane. The torsion tau is ...

The term "total curvature" is used in two different ways in differential geometry. The total curvature, also called the third curvature, of a space curve with line elements ...