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The number of elements greater than i to the left of i in a permutation gives the ith element of the inversion vector (Skiena 1990, p. 27).

The Labs septic is a septic surface having 99 ordinary double points, which is the maximum number known for any septic surface.

Sample size is the number of observations in a sample (Evans et al. 2000, p. 16). It is commonly denoted n or N.

A method of determining the maximum number of positive and negative real roots of a polynomial. For positive roots, start with the sign of the coefficient of the lowest (or ...

A round number is a number that is the product of a considerable number of comparatively small factors (Hardy 1999, p. 48). Round numbers are very rare. As Hardy (1999, p. ...

A function is said to be modular (or "elliptic modular") if it satisfies: 1. f is meromorphic in the upper half-plane H, 2. f(Atau)=f(tau) for every matrix A in the modular ...

An n×n complex matrix A is called positive definite if R[x^*Ax]>0 (1) for all nonzero complex vectors x in C^n, where x^* denotes the conjugate transpose of the vector x. In ...

Let f be analytic on the unit disk, and assume that 1. |f(z)|<=1 for all z and 2. f(0)=0. Then |f(z)|<=|z| and |f^'(0)|<=1. If either |f(z)|=|z| for some z!=0 or if ...

Willans' formula is a prime-generating formula due to Willan (1964) that is defined as follows. Let F(j) = |_cos^2[pi((j-1)!+1)/j]_| (1) = {1 for j=1 or j prime; 0 otherwise ...

The divergence of a vector field F, denoted div(F) or del ·F (the notation used in this work), is defined by a limit of the surface integral del ·F=lim_(V->0)(∮_SF·da)/V (1) ...