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The cycloid is the locus of a point on the rim of a circle of radius a rolling along a straight line. It was studied and named by Galileo in 1599. Galileo attempted to find ...

A helix, sometimes also called a coil, is a curve for which the tangent makes a constant angle with a fixed line. The shortest path between two points on a cylinder (one not ...

The Kiepert hyperbola is a hyperbola and triangle conic that is related to the solution of Lemoine's problem and its generalization to isosceles triangles constructed on the ...

The logarithm log_bx for a base b and a number x is defined to be the inverse function of taking b to the power x, i.e., b^x. Therefore, for any x and b, x=log_b(b^x), (1) or ...

Calculus of variations can be used to find the curve from a point (x_1,y_1) to a point (x_2,y_2) which, when revolved around the x-axis, yields a surface of smallest surface ...

A primality test is a test to determine whether or not a given number is prime, as opposed to actually decomposing the number into its constituent prime factors (which is ...

The summatory function Phi(n) of the totient function phi(n) is defined by Phi(n) = sum_(k=1)^(n)phi(k) (1) = sum_(m=1)^(n)msum_(d|m)(mu(d))/d (2) = ...

Simply stated, floating-point arithmetic is arithmetic performed on floating-point representations by any number of automated devices. Traditionally, this definition is ...

In this work, the name Pythagoras's constant will be given to the square root of 2, sqrt(2)=1.4142135623... (1) (OEIS A002193), which the Pythagoreans proved to be ...

An affine variety V is an algebraic variety contained in affine space. For example, {(x,y,z):x^2+y^2-z^2=0} (1) is the cone, and {(x,y,z):x^2+y^2-z^2=0,ax+by+cz=0} (2) is a ...