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A method of stochastic optimization including techniques such as gradient search or Robbins-Monro stochastic approximation.

A function f(t) of one or more parameters containing a noise term epsilon(t) f(t)=L(t)+epsilon(t), where the noise is (without loss of generality) assumed to be additive.

If 0<=g(x)<=1 and g is nonincreasing on the interval [0, 1], then for all possible values of a and b, int_0^1g(x^(1/(a+b)))dx>=int_0^1g(x^(1/a))dxint_0^1g(x^(1/b))dx.

The p-adic norm satisfies |x+y|_p<=max(|x|_p,|y|_p) for all x and y.

The series of Sturm functions arising in application of the Sturm theorem.

A C^infty (infinitely differentiable) manifold is said to be a submanifold of a C^infty manifold M^' if M is a subset of M^' and the identity map of M into M^' is an ...

The tangent plane to a surface at a point p is the tangent space at p (after translating to the origin). The elements of the tangent space are called tangent vectors, and ...

If the Lexis ratio L<1, a set of trials are said to be subnormal.

A quantity which is subtracted from another (the minuend).

The relationship x succeeds (or follows) y is written x≻y. The relation x succeeds or is equal to y is written x>=y.