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For any sets A and B, their cardinal numbers satisfy |A|<=|B| iff there is a one-to-one function f from A into B (Rubin 1967, p. 266; Suppes 1972, pp. 94 and 116). It is easy ...

In general, the pedal curve of the cardioid is a slightly complicated function. The pedal curve of the cardioid with respect to the center of its conchoidal circle is the ...

For any system that seeks to minimize a function, only seven different local forms of catastrophe "typically" occur for four or fewer variables: 1. Fold catastrophe, 2. Cusp ...

The parametric equations for a catenary are x = t (1) y = acosh(t/a), (2) giving the evolute as x = t-a/2sinh((2t)/a) (3) y = 2acosh(t/(2a)). (4) For t>0, the evolute has arc ...

A centered polygonal number consisting of a central dot with five dots around it, and then additional dots in the gaps between adjacent dots. The general term is ...

A centered polygonal number consisting of a central dot with four dots around it, and then additional dots in the gaps between adjacent dots. The general term is n^2+(n+1)^2, ...

A centered triangular number is a centered polygonal number consisting of a central dot with three dots around it, and then additional dots in the gaps between adjacent dots. ...

The nth central binomial coefficient is defined as (2n; n) = ((2n)!)/((n!)^2) (1) = (2^n(2n-1)!!)/(n!), (2) where (n; k) is a binomial coefficient, n! is a factorial, and n!! ...

A moment mu_n of a univariate probability density function P(x) taken about the mean mu=mu_1^', mu_n = <(x-<x>)^n> (1) = int(x-mu)^nP(x)dx, (2) where <X> denotes the ...

A characteristic factor is a factor in a particular factorization of the totient function phi(n) such that the product of characteristic factors gives the representation of a ...