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A function defined for all positive integers, sometimes also called an arithmetic function (Nagell 1951, p. 26) or number theoretic function (Wilf 1994, p. 58).

The process of computing or obtaining an integral. A more archaic term for integration is quadrature.

Let X be an infinite set of urelements, and let V(^*X) be an enlargement of the superstructure V(X). Let A,B in V(X) be finitary algebras with finitely many operations, and ...

The tangent space at a point p in an abstract manifold M can be described without the use of embeddings or coordinate charts. The elements of the tangent space are called ...

An intrinsically linked graph is a graph having the property that any embedding of it in three dimensions contains a nontrivial link. A graph is intrinsically linked iff it ...

A quantity which remains unchanged under certain classes of transformations. Invariants are extremely useful for classifying mathematical objects because they usually reflect ...

An invariant set S subset R^n is said to be a C^r (r>=1) invariant manifold if S has the structure of a C^r differentiable manifold (Wiggins 1990, p. 14). When stable and ...

A semigroup S is said to be an inverse semigroup if, for every a in S, there is a unique b (called the inverse of a) such that a=aba and b=bab. This is equivalent to the ...

An element admitting a multiplicative or additive inverse. In most cases, the choice between these two options is clear from the context, as, for example, in a monoid, where ...

Let i_k(G) be the number of irredundant sets of size k in a graph G, then the irredundance polynomial R_G(x) of G in the variable x is defined as ...