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Let Q_i denote anything subject to weighting by a normalized linear scheme of weights that sum to unity in a set W. The Kolmogorov axioms state that 1. For every Q_i in W, ...

Lehmer's formula is a formula for the prime counting function, pi(x) = (1) where |_x_| is the floor function, a = pi(x^(1/4)) (2) b = pi(x^(1/2)) (3) b_i = pi(sqrt(x/p_i)) ...

For two lines in the plane with endpoints (x_1,x_2) and (x_3,x_4), the angle between them is given by costheta=((x_2-x_1)·(x_4-x_3))/(|x_2-x_1||x_4-x_3|). (1) The angle theta ...

The logarithmic distribution is a continuous distribution for a variate X in [a,b] with probability function P(x)=(lnx)/(b(lnb-1)-a(lna-1)) (1) and distribution function ...

Given a Lyapunov characteristic exponent sigma_i, the corresponding Lyapunov characteristic number lambda_i is defined as lambda_i=e^(sigma_i). (1) For an n-dimensional ...

A number triangle of order n with entries 1 to n such that entries are nondecreasing across rows and down columns and all entries in column j are less than or equal to j. An ...

Polynomials s_n(x) which form the Sheffer sequence for f^(-1)(t)=1+t-e^t, (1) where f^(-1)(t) is the inverse function of f(t), and have generating function ...

An n-cycle is a finite sequence of points Y_0, ..., Y_(n-1) such that, under a map G, Y_1 = G(Y_0) (1) Y_2 = G(Y_1) (2) Y_(n-1) = G(Y_(n-2)) (3) Y_0 = G(Y_(n-1)). (4) In ...

The radical circle of the McCay circles has center (1) which is not a Kimberling center, and radius (2) where (3) Its circle function is (4) where (5) which is also does not ...

An asymmetrical apodization function defined by M(x,b,d)={0 for x<-b; (x-b)/(2b) for -b<x<b; 1 for b<x<b+2d; 0 for x<b+2d, (1) where the two-sided portion is 2b long (total) ...