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Let alpha be a nonzero rational number alpha=+/-p_1^(alpha_1)p_2^(alpha_2)...p_L^(alpha_L), where p_1, ..., p_L are distinct primes, alpha_l in Z and alpha_l!=0. Then ...

The projective general linear group PGL_n(q) is the group obtained from the general linear group GL_n(q) on factoring by the scalar matrices contained in that group.

The projective general orthogonal group PGO_n(q) is the group obtained from the general orthogonal group GO_n(q) on factoring the scalar matrices contained in that group.

The projective general unitary group PGU_n(q) is the group obtained from the general unitary group GU_n(q) on factoring the scalar matrices contained in that group.

The projective symplectic group PSp_n(q) is the group obtained from the symplectic group Sp_n(q) on factoring by the scalar matrices contained in that group. PSp_(2m)(q) is ...

A proper factor of a positive integer n is a factor of n other than 1 or n (Derbyshire 2004, p. 32). For example, 2 and 3 are positive proper factors of 6, but 1 and 6 are ...

A proper fraction is a fraction p/q with p,q>0 such that p/q<1. A fraction p/q>1 is called an improper fraction.

A group action of a topological group G on a topological space X is said to be a proper group action if the mapping G×X->X×X(g,x)|->(gx,x) is a proper map, i.e., inverses of ...

A proper subgroup is a proper subset H of group elements of a group G that satisfies the four group requirements. "H is a proper subgroup of G" is written H subset G. The ...

For N=k·2^n+1 with k odd and 2^n>k, if there exists an integer a such that a^((N-1)/2)=-1 (mod N), then N is prime. A prime of this form is known as a Proth prime.