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A self-organizing data structure which uses rotations to move any accessed key to the root. This leaves recently accessed nodes near the top of the tree, making them very ...

A group or other algebraic object is said to be Abelian (sometimes written in lower case, i.e., "abelian") if the law of commutativity always holds. The term is named after ...

The direction from an object A to another object B can be specified as a vector v=AB^-> with tail at A and head at B. However, since this vector has length equal to the ...

A "squashed" spheroid for which the equatorial radius a is greater than the polar radius c, so a>c (called an oblate ellipsoid by Tietze 1965, p. 27). An oblate spheroid is a ...

The product of a family {X_i}_(i in I) of objects of a category is an object P=product_(i in I)X_i, together with a family of morphisms {p_i:P->X_i}_(i in I) such that for ...

The categorical notion which is dual to product. The coproduct of a family {X_i}_(i in I) of objects of a category is an object C=coproduct_(i in I)X_i, together with a ...

The pentagram, also called the five-point star, pentacle, pentalpha, or pentangle, is the star polygon {5/2}. It is a pagan religious symbol that is one of the oldest symbols ...

A mathematical object upon which an operator acts. For example, in the expression 1×2, the multiplication operator acts upon the operands 1 and 2.

An orbifold is the object obtained by identifying any two points of a map which are equivalent under some symmetry of the map's group.

To multiply the size of a d-D object by a factor a, c=a^d copies are required, and the quantity d=(lnc)/(lna) is called the similarity dimension.