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For an n×n matrix, let S denote any permutation e_1, e_2, ..., e_n of the set of numbers 1, 2, ..., n, and let chi^((lambda))(S) be the character of the symmetric group ...

Let Q(x)=Q(x_1,x_2,...,x_n) be an integer-valued n-ary quadratic form, i.e., a polynomial with integer coefficients which satisfies Q(x)>0 for real x!=0. Then Q(x) can be ...

The inverse function of the Gudermannian y=gd^(-1)phi gives the vertical position y in the Mercator projection in terms of the latitude phi and may be defined for 0<=x<pi/2 ...

The invertible matrix theorem is a theorem in linear algebra which gives a series of equivalent conditions for an n×n square matrix A to have an inverse. In particular, A is ...

The line L^' through a triangle polygon vertex obtained by reflecting an initial line L (also through a polygon vertex) about the angle bisector. If three lines from the ...

Jacobi-Gauss quadrature, also called Jacobi quadrature or Mehler quadrature, is a Gaussian quadrature over the interval [-1,1] with weighting function ...

A complicated polynomial root-finding algorithm which is used in the IMSL® (IMSL, Houston, TX) library and which Press et al. (1992) describe as "practically a standard in ...

Since each triplet of Yff circles are congruent and pass through a single point, they obey Johnson's theorem. As a result, in each case, there is a fourth circle congruent to ...

A real-valued univariate function f=f(x) has a jump discontinuity at a point x_0 in its domain provided that lim_(x->x_0-)f(x)=L_1<infty (1) and lim_(x->x_0+)f(x)=L_2<infty ...

Jung's theorem states that the generalized diameter D of a compact set X in R^n satisfies D>=Rsqrt((2(n+1))/n), where R is the circumradius of X (Danzer et al. 1963). This ...