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The computational paradigm is a term introduced by Wolfram (2002, 2021) to describe the idea of using simple programs rather than mathematical equations (the latter of which ...

A product of ANDs, denoted ^ _(k=1)^nA_k. The conjunctions of a Boolean algebra A of subsets of cardinality p are the 2^p functions A_lambda= union _(i in lambda)A_i, where ...

The automorphism group Co_1 of the Leech lattice modulo a center of order two is called "the" Conway group. There are 15 exceptional conjugacy classes of the Conway group. ...

Define the correlation integral as C(epsilon)=lim_(N->infty)1/(N^2)sum_(i,j=1; i!=j)^inftyH(epsilon-|x_i-x_j|), (1) where H is the Heaviside step function. When the below ...

A set function mu possesses countable additivity if, given any countable disjoint collection of sets {E_k}_(k=1)^n on which mu is defined, mu( union ...

Let X be a set and S a collection of subsets of X. A set function mu:S->[0,infty] is said to possess countable monotonicity provided that, whenever a set E in S is covered by ...

A nonplanar graph G is said to be critical nonplanar if the removal of a vertex results in a planar graph for every vertex of G. Critical nonplanar graphs differ from apex ...

Given a weighted, undirected graph G=(V,E) and a graphical partition of V into two sets A and B, the cut of G with respect to A and B is defined as cut(A,B)=sum_(i in A,j in ...

The cyclic group C_(10) is the unique Abelian group of group order 10 (the other order-10 group being the non-Abelian D_5). Examples include the integers modulo 10 under ...

The cyclic group C_(11) is unique group of group order 11. An example is the integers modulo 11 under addition (Z_(11)). No modulo multiplication group is isomorphic to ...