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A mathematical object upon which an operator acts. For example, in the expression 1×2, the multiplication operator acts upon the operands 1 and 2.

An orbifold is the object obtained by identifying any two points of a map which are equivalent under some symmetry of the map's group.

A signal sampled at a frequency higher than the Nyquist frequency is said to be oversampled beta times, where the oversampling ratio is defined as ...

A game for which each player has a different set of moves in any position. Every position in an impartial game has a nim-value.

A set P is called perfect if P=P^', where P^' is the derived set of P.

An integral which is equivalent to the Denjoy integral "in the restricted sense."

A braid in which strands are intertwined in the center and are free in "handles" on either side of the diagram.

The ring R[x] of polynomials in a variable x.

A prime field is a finite field GF(p) for p is prime.

A group that has a primitive group action.